![]() ![]() ![]() In 19, Bureau Stadsspoorweg presented four reports to the municipal government of Amsterdam, which were made available to the public on 30 August 1966. In April 1963 they installed the Bureau Stadsspoorweg which had the task to study the technical feasibility of a metropolitan railway, to propose a route network, to suggest the preferred order of construction of the various lines, and to study the adverse effects of constructing a metro line, such as traffic disruption and the demolition of buildings. The aldermen and mayor of Amsterdam agreed with the conclusion of the report of the Clerx commission that an underground railway network ought to be built in Amsterdam in the near future. Clerx, was subsequently installed in March 1956, and published its report Openbaar vervoer in de agglomeratie Amsterdam in 1960. This commission, which was headed by former director of the department of Public Works J.W. In 1955, a report published by the municipal government concerning the inner city of Amsterdam-known by the Dutch title Nota Binnenstad-suggested to install a commission to explore solutions to the traffic problems Amsterdam faced. The post-war population boom and increase in motorized traffic shifted the perception of underground rail transport in Amsterdam considerably: whereas in the 1920s, underground rail had been considered too expensive, halfway through the 1950s it was presented as a realistic solution to the problems caused by increased traffic. These plans stalled in the planning phase, however, and it took until the 1950s for the discussion about underground rail to resurface again in Amsterdam. The first plans for an underground railway in Amsterdam date from the 1920s: in November 1922, members of the municipal council of Amsterdam Zeeger Gulden and Emanuel Boekman asked the responsible alderman Ter Haar to study the possibility of constructing an underground railway in the city, in response to which the municipal department of Public Works drafted reports with proposals for underground railways in both 19. As opposed to the other routes, it runs mostly through bored tunnels and does not share tracks with any other route. ![]() A fifth route, Route 52, running from the Amsterdam-Noord ( north) borough to Amsterdam-Zuid ( south) via Amsterdam Centraal, came into operation on 21 July 2018. It is the only route that does not cross the city centre. Route 50 connects Zuidoost to the Amsterdam-West borough using a circular line, which it shares with Route 51. Three routes start at Amsterdam Centraal: Route 53 and Route 54 connect the city centre with the suburban residential towns of Diemen, Duivendrecht and Amsterdam-Zuidoost (the city's southeastern borough), while Route 51 first runs south and then follows a circular route connecting the southern and western boroughs. The metro system consists of five routes and serves 39 stations, with a total length of 42.7 kilometers (26.5 mi). The network is owned by the City of Amsterdam and operated by municipal public transport company Gemeente Vervoerbedrijf (GVB) which also operates trams, free ferries and local buses. Until 2019 it also served the municipality of Amstelveen but this route was closed and converted into a tram line. The Amsterdam Metro ( Dutch: Amsterdamse metro) is a rapid transit system serving Amsterdam, Netherlands, and extending to the surrounding municipalities of Diemen and Ouder-Amstel.
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